What was the primary function of the Lockheed U-2 during the Cold War?

The primary function of the Lockheed U-2 during the Cold War was reconnaissance and intelligence gathering. Designed in the 1950s, the U-2 was a high-altitude, long-range aircraft that could fly at altitudes well above the range of enemy surface-to-air missiles and interceptors. This capability enabled it to collect detailed aerial imagery and electronic intelligence about military installations and activities of the Soviet Union and other adversaries.

The U-2’s ability to operate at such high altitudes allowed it to gather crucial information without being easily detected or engaged by enemy defenses. It played a pivotal role in providing intelligence that informed U.S. military strategy and foreign policy throughout the Cold War, particularly during tense moments such as the Cuban Missile Crisis. The aircraft's reconnaissance missions significantly enhanced the U.S. understanding of the Soviet military capabilities and movements.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different operational roles that were not the focus of the U-2. Transporting troops and providing air support for ground forces represent tactical operations, while naval defense relates to maritime operations, which were not the U-2's intended purpose. Thus, reconnaissance and intelligence gathering were central to the U-2's mission during this pivotal era in aviation and military history